RNG Explained for Operators: Ensuring Fairness in iGaming

Random Number Generators (RNGs) are the backbone of the iGaming industry. Without RNG, operators could not provide fair gaming opportunities, build player trust, and comply with regulatory standards. Join us as we explore how RNGs function, their various uses in iGaming, and their benefits to operators.

What is RNG?

RNG is a system that randomly generates numbers or sequences that do not follow a pattern. When it comes to online casino, it’s imperative that games are fair and transparent and provide equal chances of winning for all players. One of the only ways fairness can be ensured in games of chance – alongside provably fair options– is by using a certified RNG to determine the outcome of any game action, be that the spin of the reels or the roll of virtual dice. The result must be entirely unpredictable.

RNGs in the iGaming

Typically, RNG falls into two categories: True Random Number Generators (TRNGs) and Pseudo-Random Number Generators (PRNGs).

TRNGs

TRNGs generate random sequences using actual physical actions or events, such as meteoric changes. Because these events naturally occur at random, TRNGs produce random outputs. However, TRNGs are considerably costly and complex to integrate into iGaming, meaning they are seldom used in the industry.

PRNGs

PRNGs, on the other hand, rely on mathematical algorithms to create randomness. PRNGs take a seed value and apply mathematical formulas that produce a number sequence. Although, theoretically, if the seed and formula are known, the outcome can be predicted, in reality, modern PRNGs are formed to create outcomes statistically indistinguishable from true randomness.

How Do RNGs Work?

PRNGs follow a series of steps to work:

• Seeding: The seed number can be taken from various sources, such as the exact millisecond of the system clock. The seed starts the algorithm that generates the number sequence.
• Algorithm: The seed is then fed into a mathematical algorithm. These algorithms, such as the Mersenne Twister or the Linear Congruential Generator (LCG), are usually advanced and complex. The algorithms produce a sequence of random numbers with no pattern.
• Output: The algorithm processes the seed repeatedly to produce random numbers that determine game or action outcomes. 
• Non-repeatability: Each game or round generates a new set of random numbers so that the outcome is unique and unpredictable each time, preventing patterns and manipulation.

RNG Use Cases

RNGs are used in more than just slots. Their unpredictability and fairness are applied to many game types. Here are some of the most common uses:

Slots

RNGs determine the symbols that land on a reel set after each spin. Every spin is independent, and previous or future results cannot influence the outcome.

Virtual Table Games

In virtual table games like virtual blackjack, poker, or baccarat, RNGs ‘shuffle’ virtual decks of cards before the value is revealed. Leading game creator Evolution has developed its range of First Person RNG table games that combine RNG unpredictability and live casino-style action.

Lottery, Keno & Bingo

RNGs play an important key role in lottery, keno, and bingo. RNGs simulate randomly drawing numbers or balls to give every player an equal chance.

Virtual Sports Betting

Virtual sports use RNGs on simulated events based on sporting outcomes. The RNG creates unpredictable results that mimic the randomness of real-life sports.

Fantasy Games

RNGs are employed in fantasy sports for actions such as tie-breaking situations. RNG can be used in various ways to recreate the unpredictability of player choices and results.

Live Casino

RNG complements the live dealer experience by randomising outcomes in bonus rounds or other special features. While live dealers handle the core gameplay, RNG adds unpredictability in layered elements to enhance play.

RNG Certification & Fair Play

RNG certification maintains the integrity of iGaming brands’ operations. Certification involves independent testing of RNG systems by recognised bodies, such as eCOGRA, Gaming Labs International (GLI), and iTech Labs. These independent bodies evaluate and assess a game’s RNG against fairness and randomness standards set by regulatory bodies.

The certification process typically involves:

• Algorithm Testing: RNG algorithms are tested extensively to produce a sequence of statistically unbiased numbers, such as the ‘diehard tests’ or ‘chi-squared tests’.
• Compliance Verification: The RNG is checked for compliance against market regulations like the UK Gambling Commission or the Malta Gaming Authority. Different jurisdictions have different RNG requirements for licences.
• Ongoing Audits: Regular audits monitor RNG performance to ensure it hasn’t been compromised. 

How Does RNG & RNG Certification Benefit Operators?

Player Trust & Retention

RNG certification demonstrates a game’s fairness for players. Building player trust and increasing reputation as an operator shows trustworthiness, and reliability and reinforces dedication to responsible gaming practices, which can contribute to increased acquisition, engagement, retention, and ROI.

Regulatory Compliance

RNG certification is a mandatory requirement for gaming licences across multiple jurisdictions. Operators who fail to use certified RNGs risk incurring penalties, loss of their licence, or exclusion from markets. 

Game Variety & Fairness

Operators can offer high integrity across a broad portfolio of gaming options by using certified RNGs throughout their brand. Operators who consistently commit to these high standards show their game selection to be fair and unbiased throughout.

Preventing Game Manipulation

Without an RNG, online games could be open to manipulation, either by players or by unethical operators. Certified RNGs eliminate the possibility of rigging outcomes, as the algorithms used are continuously monitored and validated. This helps protect the operator's reputation and ensures the gaming environment remains secure.

Distinguishing RNG & RTP

Those new to iGaming often ask, ‘Are RNG and RTP the same?’ In a word, no. But it’s a fair question if you’re not in the know. So, to quickly clarify, While RNG stands for Random Number Generator, RTP stands for Return To Player. Operators are obliged to explain RNG and RTP clearly on their platform. 

RTP is calculated over thousands or millions of plays to give an average return of the money bet that is returned to players via winnings. For example, a game with an RTP of 97% means that 97% of the funds bet on the match will be returned to the player via wins. 

But hold your horses, don’t get too excited. By ‘player’, the term refers to the generic player, not the individual. You may not be in the winning 3%; it could be any one of the millions of other players. In fact, it probably won’t be you, but you have as much chance as the next player, thanks to RNG!

The RNG Cornerstone

In conclusion, with valid RNG certification, iGaming operators must avoid mistakes, prove they support responsible gaming, build trust and transparency with their players, and comply with regulations. When potential new players visit a brand for the first time and see that they take care to ensure fairness and meet regulatory requirements, they are probably more likely to stick around. In short, if you want to build your bank of players, build your bank of RNG-certificated games. 

WA.Technology’s Commitment to Compliance & Social Responsibility

WA.Technology is a dedicated B2B service provider that upholds a strong compliance culture and encourages social responsibility and responsible gaming. Its marketing efforts support its partners in upholding ethical standards, reflecting a commitment to integrity, transparency, and the well-being of the gaming community. WA.Technology encourages safe and responsible gaming environments by offering products and services that adhere to regulatory compliance and responsible marketing.

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